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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jun 2011Blue nevus is one of the melanotic lesions that can incidentally arise in the prostate gland. A literature review identified 28 previously reported cases, and although... (Review)
Review
Blue nevus is one of the melanotic lesions that can incidentally arise in the prostate gland. A literature review identified 28 previously reported cases, and although rare, the blue nevus appeared to be the commonest melanocytic lesion arising in the prostate. The differential diagnosis includes melanosis and malignant melanoma, as well as nonmelanotic lesions due to deposition of lipofuscin, hemosiderin and, rarely, homogentisic acid. The distinction among these lesions can typically be made based on morphologic grounds but may also be aided by histochemical and immunohistochemical stains such as stains for iron, S100 protein, HMB-45, and CD68 as needed. Blue nevus of the prostate is a benign lesion with no malignant potential to date, so no further treatment is warranted.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Hemosiderin; Homogentisic Acid; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lipofuscin; Male; Melanoma; Melanosis; Nevus, Blue; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 21631277
DOI: 10.5858/2010-0022-RS.1 -
Cureus Jun 2022Melanocytic lesions have a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from benign nevi to malignant melanoma. In contrast to a diagnosis of a benign nevus, a diagnosis of... (Review)
Review
Melanocytic lesions have a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from benign nevi to malignant melanoma. In contrast to a diagnosis of a benign nevus, a diagnosis of melanoma could mean intensive treatment, lifetime monitoring, and a worse prognosis. Therefore, melanocytic tumors are notoriously challenging and associated with a high risk of litigation in surgical pathology. After describing the basic features of nevi and melanoma, this article describes the detailed clinical and histological features of those lesions that share many similar features with melanoma. The entities included are Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors (AST), Reed nevus, dysplastic nevus, cellular blue nevus (CBN), deep penetrating nevus, combined nevus, recurrent nevus, irritated nevus, congenital pattern nevus, acral nevus, and nevi of special sites. Knowledge of these imitators can help pathologists distinguish between benign and malignant cases and avoid misdiagnosis.
PubMed: 35875272
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26127 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jan 2021
Topics: GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; Humans; Melanoma; Mutation; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33022225
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.05.011 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jul 2017Blue nevi are melanocytic tumors originating in the cutaneous dermis. Malignant tumors may arise in association with or resembling blue nevi, so called 'blue nevus-like...
Blue nevi are melanocytic tumors originating in the cutaneous dermis. Malignant tumors may arise in association with or resembling blue nevi, so called 'blue nevus-like melanoma', which can metastasize and result in patient death. Identifying which tumors will behave in a clinically aggressive manner can be challenging. Identifying genetic alterations in such tumors may assist in their diagnosis and prognostication. Blue nevi are known to be genetically related to uveal melanomas (eg, both harboring GNAQ and GNA11 mutations). In this study, we analyzed a large cohort (n=301) of various morphologic variants of blue nevi and related tumors including tumors diagnosed as atypical blue nevi (n=21), and blue nevus-like melanoma (n=12), screening for all gene mutations known to occur in uveal melanoma. Similar to published reports, we found the majority of blue nevi harbored activating mutations in GNAQ (53%) or GNA11 (15%). In addition, rare CYSLTR2 (1%) and PLCB4 (1%) mutations were identified. EIF1AX, SF3B1, and BAP1 mutations were also detected, with BAP1 and SF3B1 R625 mutations being present only in clearly malignant tumors (17% (n=2) and 25% (n=3) of blue nevus-like melanoma, respectively). In sequencing data from a larger cohort of cutaneous melanomas, this genetic profile was also identified in tumors not originally diagnosed as blue nevus-like melanoma. Our findings suggest that the genetic profile of coexistent GNAQ or GNA11 mutations with BAP1 or SF3B1 mutations can aid the histopathological diagnosis of blue nevus-like melanoma and distinguish blue nevus-like melanoma from conventional epidermal-derived melanomas. Future studies will need to further elucidate the prognostic implications and appropriate clinical management for patients with tumors harboring these mutation profiles.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; Humans; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nevus, Blue; Phosphoproteins; RNA Splicing Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Young Adult
PubMed: 28409567
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.23 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2017Blue nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion, typically asymptomatic and of unknown etiology. Many histological subtypes are recognized, the most commons being: common blue... (Review)
Review
Blue nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion, typically asymptomatic and of unknown etiology. Many histological subtypes are recognized, the most commons being: common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus, and combined blue nevus. New rare variants have been described in the literature, with emphasis on eruptive blue nevus, plaque, agminate, linear, with satellitosis, disseminated, familial and targetoid. The diagnosis of blue nevus usually presents no difficulties, however, the presence of structures such as irregular edges or satellitosis, are highly suggestive of malignancy, and the differential diagnosis with malignant blue nevus and melanoma with peripheral spread should be considered. We report a case of blue nevus with satellitosis in a 15-year-old female patient.
Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 29267439
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175267 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Mar 2011Blue nevi are a subset of melanocytic proliferations containing cells reminiscent of the embryonal neural crest-derived dendritic melanocytic precursors. They are common... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Blue nevi are a subset of melanocytic proliferations containing cells reminiscent of the embryonal neural crest-derived dendritic melanocytic precursors. They are common specimens in a general pathology practice, but some of their rare variants may pose diagnostic difficulty. Recent molecular studies provide new insights into genetics of blue nevi.
OBJECTIVE
To critically review clinical and histologic features of blue nevi with emphasis on diagnostic problems and rare variants, as well as to provide an update on the pathogenesis of blue nevi.
DATA SOURCES
Published peer-reviewed literature and personal experience of the authors.
CONCLUSIONS
Challenging areas in diagnosis of blue nevi include recognition of amelanotic, desmoplastic, atypical, and malignant variants of blue nevus. Recent data show that mutations in genes responsible for common nevi or melanomas such as BRAF , NRAS , or c- kit are rare in blue nevi. Benign and malignant blue nevi harbor frequent mutations in the Gαq class of G-protein α subunits, Gnaq and Gna11 proteins.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; Humans; Male; Melanocytes; Mutation; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 21366456
DOI: 10.5858/2009-0733-RA.1 -
Cureus Dec 2021The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the...
The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the contrary. Terms that stigmatize a culture, region, people, country, communities, and ethnic group should be replaced by their more descriptive counterparts. Herein, we clarify terminology, discuss the historical significance, and provide a recommendation about naming this disease.
PubMed: 35036226
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20396 -
Pediatric Dermatology 1996We report a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb and numerous iris hamartomas. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb is characterized by the simultaneous...
We report a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb and numerous iris hamartomas. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of a nevus flammeus, a mongolian spot, and sometimes a nevus anemicus in the same individual, with systemic involvement. To our knowledge, the association with multiple iris hamartomas has been reported only once. This second patient suggests that the association might be more common. Additional reports will indicate if such an association is more frequent than is now assumed.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hamartoma; Humans; Iris; Nevus, Blue; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms; Syndrome
PubMed: 8919522
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1996.tb01184.x